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Budapest

Portrait of a City Between East and West

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AN ECONOMIST BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR • A vivid and enthralling account of the historical and cultural events that defined Budapest, a unique city in the heart of Europe, on the fault line between East and West—from the critically acclaimed author of Lenin
“A compelling portrait of one of the most important cities in Europe. Full of sharp insights, elegant writing and vivid characters.” —Andrew Roberts, author of The Chief
Victor Sebestyen has written a sweeping, colorful and immersive history of the capital of Hungary, from the fifth century to the present day: a metropolis whose location in Europe has marked it as a crucial city—at times rich and prosperous, at times enduring unbearable hardship. It has stood at the center of the world-changing historical developments for hundreds of years: the Muslim invasion, The Reformation, both World Wars, fascism, the Holocaust and Communism.
Sebestyen mixes colorful details and anecdotes about the people, streets and neighborhoods of his hometown with its rich cultural legacy of literature, music, and architecture. He shows how its people have shifted culturally, politically and emotionally between East and West, through many revolutions, bloody battles, uprisings, and wars of conquest won and lost. He vividly brings to life the many rulers: the ruthless early Magyar, Hun, and Mongol chieftains, celebrated medieval kings and princes, Ottoman Turks, and the Hapsburgs, including the beloved Empress Elisabeth (“Sisi”). We also learn about colorful figures in politics, the arts and the sciences, among them Theodor Herzl, father of modern political Zionism; film pioneer Alexander Korda who held court with the director of Casablanca, Michael Curtiz, young reporter Billy Wilder, and photographer Robert Capa in the glamorous New York Café still going today; Edward Teller, inventor of the H bomb; and Countess Elisabeth Báthory, a cousin of the King of Poland, who became a serial killer, among many others.
Sebestyen’s compelling history of Budapest is a lively page-turner as well as being uniquely revelatory and authoritative account of one of the most important cities of Europe.
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    • Booklist

      August 1, 2023
      An Economist best book of 2022, now published for the first time in the U.S., Hungarian journalist Sebestyen's history covers a span of some 1,600 years, from Budapest's beginnings as a small Celtic settlement through successive, often unspeakably violent takeovers by Romans, Magyars (so-called Hungarians), Mongols, Ottomans, Hapsburgs, and, in the twentieth century, Nazis and Soviets. Two cities, Buda and Pest, operated independently for centuries before being linked across the Danube River in 1849 by the Sz�chenyi Chain Bridge. Subject to the plunder and the whims of outsiders, Budapest, as Sebestyen copiously details here, is revealed as one of the most mercurial, resilient cities in the world, continually rising from the ashes to shine in architecture, music, literature, finance, and cuisine, among other realms, even as modern Hungarian as a language is only two centuries old. The role of Jewish residents, variously embraced and reviled through the centuries, forms an important part of the story. Curiously, the author's timeline ends with the fall of the Soviet Union. Still, an excellent primer to an extraordinary metropolis.

      COPYRIGHT(2023) Booklist, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

    • Publisher's Weekly

      August 14, 2023
      Historian Sebestyen (Lenin the Dictator) delivers a sweeping and insightful chronicle of Budapest from its origins as a first-century Roman settlement on the Danube to the present. Sebestyen highlights the arrival of the Magyars, who moved into the Carpathian Basin from the Urals in the 850s; the reign of Stephen I, who Christianized the country and named himself the first king of Hungary in 1000; the Hapsburg dynasty, which presided over a golden age in Budapest built on trading, manufacturing, and banking; WWI, which brought down the Austro-Hungarian empire and cost Hungary a third of its territory; WWII, when Hungary became an ally of Germany (the 102-day siege of Budapest at the end of the war killed thousands of civilians, including the majority of the city’s Jewish population); and the postwar occupation by the Soviets, who drove the Germans out of Hungary in 1945 and controlled the country for the next 45 years. Sebestyen vividly describes the invasions, revolutions, wars, and catastrophes (including a devastating flood in 1838) that shaped Budapest as he profiles its notable rulers and citizens, including composer and Budapest Opera director Gustave Mahler and novelist Arthur Koestler. Along the way, he captures the city’s innately pessimistic character and active café society. The result is a comprehensive account of one of Europe’s great cities.

    • Kirkus

      Starred review from July 1, 2023
      A satisfying history of a city that, "after London, Paris, and Rome...receives more tourists than any other capital in Europe." London-based journalist Sebestyen, author of Lenin and Revolution 1989, was an infant when his Hungarian family fled the city after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, a cataclysmic event he chronicled in his 2006 book, Twelve Days. His evident love for the city emerges clearly in this engaging chronological account, and he provides a cleareyed sense of the "characteristic Hungarian pessimism." Over the centuries, the strategic geopolitical locations of Buda and Pest, on either of the Danube, had drawn the attention of conquering armies, from the Romans to the early marauding Magyars, the Ottomans, Austrians, Nazis, and Soviets. Throughout his sweeping history, the author emphasizes the recurrent theme that the city often had to stand alone against these onslaughts. The Ottomans ruled for 150 years and left lasting legacies, such as the coffeehouse, and they mostly tolerated a large Jewish population in Pest. As religious wars in Europe heated up, Hungarian royals "threw in their lot" with the ultra-Catholic Austrian Hapsburgs, bestowing favors and titles on a few mega-loyal families who would come to dominate in decades to come. Nationalism drove the valiant but ultimately doomed first Hungarian Revolution of 1848, yet during the Austrian backlash, Jews were awarded unprecedented liberties. "Nowhere in Middle Europe," writes the author, "did Jews play such a prominent part in modernization as in Hungary--in industry, commerce, banking, the professions." The combining of the two parts of the city and replacement of the German language with Hungarian also fueled national pride. Despite being on the wrong side of both world wars and siding closely with Hitler, the Hungarians gained the world's sympathy with what Sebestyen calls "the defining moment of the Cold War"--standing up to the Soviet army in 1956. A beautifully wrought, admiring portrait of a beloved, beleaguered city and its people.

      COPYRIGHT(2023) Kirkus Reviews, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

    • Good Reading Magazine
      You don’t get much more Central European than Hungary, and Budapest sits in the middle of Hungary on the Danube. As a result, you might think this is the most European of cities, but it’s geography masks a much more interesting – meaning difficult – past. In Budapest, Sebestyen gives us a straightforward account of Budapest’s history, from the arrival of the Magyar from the Steppe in the 10th century and their occupation of the old Roman fortress city of Acquincum (where Marcus Aurelius penned The Meditations between cross border bashing German and Scythian tribes), to the collapse of the Communist regime in the late 1980s. Hungary is one of those European countries that used to be way bigger than it is now. Denmark springs to mind as a comparison but the outcome has been far less benign. Back in the Middle Ages it embraced much of Croatia and Romania, but that didn’t help when the Ottoman Turks gave the conquest of central Europe a red-hot go. For a century and a half Budapest was a rather shabby Turkish border town – why invest in real estate that could be blown up at any moment – and from 1683 it was part of the Hapsburg Empire. Somehow, notwithstanding grinding feudalism, periodic rebellions, and a stubborn adherence to a language with no relationship at all to other European tongues, Budapest prospered. In 1867 the Hungarian aristocracy was able to negotiate a position of constitutional equality with the German Hapsburgs and the Empress Elizabeth – Sisi – became besotted with the place (you can stream a series of movies about Sisi on SBS but I don’t recommend it). This was the era where the Budapest of coffee shops, impressive architecture and music came into its own. The Hapsburgs had their faults, but what came next was far worse. After a brief and bloody Communist insurrection and Romanian occupation, the regime of Admiral Horthy took Hungary far to the right. Victor Orban, the right-wing prime Minister of Hungary since 2010 can draw on a rich vein of right-wing authoritarianism (Hungary was an ally of Nazi Germany in World War II) and hatred of Socialism – the Communist regime which took power in the late 40s was one of the most brutal in Europe until the failed revolution of 1956, and then 30 years of ‘Goulash Socialism’ left the country mired in foreign debt. It is comforting to know, however, that throughout this history of political bloodshed it has always been possible to get a decent coffee and listen to some accomplished violin music. Budapest is certainly worth a look if you are planning your post-plague European getaway.  Reviewed by Grant Hansen Visit Victor Sebestyin's website

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